linear thinking vs lateral thinking

Vertical thinking vs. Lateral thinking . Now, linear thinking isn't all bad. To understand lateral thinking, it is necessary to compare lateral thinking and critical thinking. Linear Thinking Vs. Non-linear Thinking: Decide Your ... Based on the way people are charting a lot of characters, it seems as though (getting down to the nitty gritty of it) people seem to think linear thinkers are literally just thinking less, or taking fewer things into account. Linear thinking is an analytic, methodic, rational and logical thinking style. multiple vs singular train of thought. Although the reasoning may not be immediately obvious, and not obtainable by using only traditional step-by-step logic, it does work in a more indirect way. Lateral thinking takes the indirect approach to solve problems. Linear thinking is all part of the faulty wiring in our brains. Lateral thinking involves discarding the obvious, leaving behind traditional modes of thought, and throwing away preconceptions. The Linear Nature of Logic. This intellectual side handles logical thought, language skills, mathematics and computation, sequential (linear) thinking and musculoskeletal control. The term "lateral thinking" was coined in 1967 by physician and inventor Edward de Bono, to describe a kind of out-of-the-box reasoning and critical analysis of scenarios that call for more than just typical step-by-step logic to solve. DelVal Flow Controls 2021 Thank you for appreciating me! By knowing how convergent and lateral thinking compare to divergent thinking, you can understand when to use each. Logic is an activity governed by our left brain, and creativity is an activity governed by the right brain. [1] The use of insight and risk, and the use of insight and unconscious processes. Pros and Cons. Differences In Linear And Holistic Thinking And Operating ... 3 Modes Of Thinking: Lateral, Divergent & Convergent Thought This type of thinking is an improbable one. Linear Thinking Vs Lateral Thinking. The term "lateral" stands opposed to the term "linear," which describes the usual thinking process we engage to analyze legal problems. Lateral thinking, is the ability to think creatively, or "outside the box" as it is sometimes referred to in business, to use your inspiration and imagination to solve problems by looking at them from unexpected perspectives.Lateral thinking involves discarding the obvious, leaving behind traditional modes of thought, and throwing away preconceptions. Until today it has been promoted from teaching to elaborate . Lateral thinking involves using creativity to arrive at one solution. Innovation is taking lateral thinking to perfection. Vertical versus Lateral Thinking Vertical vs. Lateral Thinking @inproceedings{Hernandez2008TraditionalMT, title={Traditional Medical Training May Actually Impede a Physician's Ability to Solve Complex Problems Because It Is Based on Vertical, Linear and Traditional Thinking. Most of the time, vertical thinking must also follow a very straight path. Linear thinking is the way of thinking and reasoning that takes place during school time and where logic is applied in a direct and progressive way. In this article we are going to help you understand the need and usefulness of using lateral and vertical thinking: differences, characteristics and examples of each of them. Non-linear or unconventional, as in, lateral thinking. #ideas #perspective Liked by Vijay Teli. For a start, there seems to be consensus in industry that lateral thinking is the "correct" way to attack problems, and linear thinking is viewed as archaic and obsolete. It is mindlessness. 73 views 1 comment. Linear Thinking vs Lateral Thinking . Considered pseudo-science by some, the term was first used in 1967 by Maltese psychologist Edward de Bono in his book The Use of Lateral Thinking. David Cox (2012) Creative Thinking For Dummies. About Press Copyright Contact us Creators Advertise Developers Terms Privacy Policy & Safety How YouTube works Test new features Press Copyright Contact us Creators . Bottom-up, analytical, lateral, and associative thinkers. . Vertical thinking is sequential, while lateral thinking involves steps that aren't sequential but may still reach the same end. Lateral thinking, on the other hand, introduces a creative component into the reasoning system that breaks with the rigidity of the scheme.. Lateral thinking is similar to brainstorming in that it involves deliberately going outside of the standard bounded thought process. patterns that are new and hard to explain. The problem is incessant thinking. thinking with pr escribed techniques. Lateral vs. they can be conscious or unconscious. "Linear Thinking" is defined as follows: [Linear thinking is] a process of thought following known cycles or step-by-step progression where a response to a step must be elicited before another step is taken. In linear thinking, the steps followed are defined, well thought, logically and reasonably sound, while in the case of Lateral it is just a set of random ideas driving its own way to conclude, you may often find yourselves in the domain where the problem you are . The vertical thinking it is a very linear and selective method of thinking. They are solved through a dialogue between the quizmaster who sets the puzzle and the solver or solvers who try to figure out the answer. In many situations, this style of thinking benefits us, especially if we need to deliver accurate . What is Lateral Thinking ? Lateral thinking, is the ability to think creatively, or "outside the box" as referred to in business, to use your inspiration and imagination to solve problems by looking at them from unexpected perspectives. p. 160. Example of the shelf. It is a way of thinking . Here's why." LINEAR vs. LATERAL THINKING Linear thinking: takes a topic and breaks it […] Usually, logical thinking is used to solve problems in a direct, straightforward way (also known as vertical thinking). It's all about using reasoning that is not immediately obvious and involving ideas that may not be obtainable by . The most basic difference is the process, linear thinking is all about following it, while lateral is about creating your own. Another definition of linear thinking includes responding to one stimuli . An airline executive has 24 hours to repair his marriage and make amends with his daughter. According to de Bono, lateral thinking "involves an understanding of how the mind uses patterns and the need to escape from an established pattern to switch into a better one.". It essentially means being able to think creatively or "outside the box" in order to solve a problem. Lateral thinking in people is significantly important because it generates many solutions to the same problem. Linear Thinking vs. Lateral Thinking: Perceptions Report this post Terence Jackson, Ph.D. . If a = b, and b = c, then . There is no linear direction that a brainstorming session takes, but rather focuses on developing as many ideas and associations about a topic as possible. They are good in subjects that work on cause and effect. (anatomy) Pertaining to the left or right of the body; further from the midline. I called those in the middle of this axis shaped thinkers. This is what holistic thinking is all about. For more info on Linear vs. Lateral Thinking visit:http://www.CreativeIntensive.orgCredits for this amazing video goes to Team 49:Anne CrawfordRyan FfrenchKa. The Significance of Lateral Thinking Lateral thinking is an unpredictable and unconventional approach to solve problems in a non- evident manner against the normal logical step-by -step linear or sequential thinking. Decreasing gradually, then dropping quickly. that can be used consciously. Linear thinking vs. lateral thinking. You do this, therefore. Thinks "outside the box" to solve problems; Uses reasoning that cannot be explained in a step-by-step analysis; Is willing to jump from idea to idea, taking a leap of faith that the ideas will find a way to . In my Hunt for Jack Reacher Series thrillers, FBI Special Agent Kim Otto is a lateral thinker, often at odds with the linear-thinking Carlos Gaspar.. As a lateral thinker, Kim Otto:. Linear thinking is related to our left brain functioning, and lateral thinking is related to our right brain. conclusion. Associative thinkers — Individuals with ASD have an associative rather than linear way of thinking, where one thought connects to . Lateral Thinking. [1] The use of insight and risk, and the use of insight and unconscious processes. The addition of Lateral Thinking to our toolbox of cognitive tools is an important and crucial one. The Six Thinking Hat. Vertical thinking refers to a way of analyzing, processing, and using information in a logical, direct, or pre-patterned way. As a holistic thinker, you approach everything as a part of the whole. The theory behind lateral thinking involves many concepts . Lateral thinkers are more disruptive in class, always asking questions and wanting to know as much they can about everything. Vertical thinkers prefer to rely on external data and facts in order to […] People who think side-by-side more often have more difficulty focusing on tasks that require steps whose order can not be altered, but also often produce interesting solutions to thorny problems. Rational vs Irrational Thinking. Attempts to make innovation, in particular ideation, a linear process is a perfect way to kill the outcome. Thinking PRESENTED BY- AYUSH JAIN HIMANSHU SUKHIJA SAURABH JAIN ROCHAK VISHNOI PRERNA ARORA TOPICS -: Linear Thinking. A single mother and recovering drug addict must face signing over custody of her young daughter. The writer who has spent some time . This type of thinking is an improbable one. Meditation is an incredible practice for . Linear Thinking is based on logic, rules and rationality to solve a problem A person who uses Linear Thinking is constant. creativity does not follow a rules system if new otherwise it is just calculation. This throws us off balance, and leaves us both disconnected and wanting for the creative and novel lateral approach. Back in January 2007, I wrote a post titled 'The Problem(s) with Linear Thinking" where I highlight the issues with people falling into the linear thinking trap. As adjectives the difference between lateral and linear is that lateral is to the side; of or pertaining to the side while linear is having the form of a line; straight. Linear thinking vs lateral thinking. In this method, there isn't usually a way to diverge from the set thought process or skip steps in the pattern. Most of . Lateral thinking is a manner of solving problems using an indirect and creative approach via reasoning that is not immediately obvious. Education and vertical thinking. THANKS EVOLUTION! Lateral thinking is often seen as the opposite of vertical thinking. Lateral adjective. Throughout our lives, we encounter various situations where we have to make choices. Vertical thinkers prefer to rely on external data and facts in order to […] 18 likes. Considered pseudo-science by some, the term was first used in 1967 by Maltese psychologist Edward de Bono in his book The Use of Lateral Thinking. Linear Thinking (also known as Vertical Thinking) and Lateral Thinking (or Horizontal Thinking) were terms named by Edward de Bono in his 1967 book The Use of Lateral Thinking. Linear thinking: what does this ACTUALLY mean to you? Linear Thinking: Pros Linear thinkers are good in fields related to math and science. Linear means "like a line", and so a linear process moves forward in a line. Brainstorming is an example of lateral thinking. Every step is precise, necessary and must be . Such a shoot &c. Lateral adjective. Lateral thinking puzzles are strange situations in which you are given a little information and then have to find the explanation. Lateral thinking is related to creative problem solving and critical thinking, all valuable skills to have, and […] As opposed to vertical thinking, lateral thinking tries to identify . Before getting started, let's understand what we mean by these words, Linear and Lateral. 7. Some methodology behind vertical thinking involves: The use of sequences . It is thinking without knowing that your thinking. Sometimes we consider the situation and the possible . Convergent Thinking vs Divergent Thinking. Lateral thinking. . insert assumption here. Convergent thinking—also called "analytical, critical, linear or vertical thinking"—is a method of problem solving that follows strict rules and logic. Meanwhile I interpreted linear vs lateral thinking as concrete/grounded thinking vs abstract/theoretical thinking. We posit that lack of clarity in communication of a thought is often a reflection of the lack of clarity of understanding of the thought. It involves ideas that may not be obtainable using only traditional step-by-step logic. 24 to Life. Linear thinking is related to our left brain functioning, and lateral thinking is related to our right brain. Vertical thinking develops the ideas generated by lateral thinking. Thank you for appreciating me! You use your thinking skills when you try to make sense of experiences, organize information, make connections, ask questions, make plans, or decide what to do. The arrival of technology and the need for innovation. Vertical thinking is a type of approach that is usually selective, analytical, and sequential. DelVal Flow Controls 2021 Liked by Vijay Teli. Lateral thinking is not restricted by relevant information like linear reasoning is, but rather is free to come up with novel approaches to solve problems. This means that things can happen at the same time, alternating, never independently but always as a reaction to some form of stimulation which is all part of the whole. It's great for making points and winning arguments. Lateral thinking involves: Lateral thinking involves solving problems through an indirect and creative approach, using reasoning that is not immediately obvious and involving ideas that may not be . About Lateral Thinking. The classic example of this can be seen in . Linear thinking leads managers to underestimate the benefits of small increases to high retention rates. It is the way to solve worst situations of your life in an easy way , just the need is to think wisely and run your mind . Answer (1 of 4): Lateral thinking is an indirect and creative approach to convert impossible situations into the possible ones . For example, 2 + 2 = 4 is vertical thinking, as the equation moves . Vertical thinking is a type of approach that is usually selective, analytical, and sequential. It could be said that it is the opposite of lateral thinking . Divergent Thinking — is the ability to generate creative ideas by exploring many possible solutions in an effort to find one that . Linear Thinking VS Lateral. What you would like is a non-linear, organized thinker. Linear thinking vs lateral thinking (A complete guide) February 22, 2021 January 23, 2021 by Jaimar Tuarez. A-B-C approach was created by Dr. Albert Ellis to help patients break out of incessant . Even if the search for the thought requires non-linear thinking, one needs to be able to articulate it clearly. In today's culture, we place a very heavy emphasis on linear thinking. While linear reasoning rewards previous knowledge, lateral thinking encourages a combination of imagination and previous knowledge. linear vs lateral thinking is easy to explain. Linear Thinking : definitions Linear thinking is to look at something from one point of view. Linear thinking is easy. Sublateral noun. Lateral thinking is a manner of solving problems using an indirect and creative approach via reasoning that is not immediately obvious. Convergent thinking — is the ability to put a number of different pieces or perspectives of a topic together in some organized, logical manner to find a single answer. 'Lateral thinking is solving problems through an indirect and creative approach, using reasoning that is not immediately obvious and involving ideas that may not be obtainable by using only traditional step-by-step logic. Lateral thinking will also help with strategic planning and thinking outside the box of everyday issues. VERTICAL THINKING: DEFINITION • Vertical thinking is a selective, moves only if there is a direction in which to move, and also in sequential. A linear process moves forward like a line with a starting point and an ending point, and our brains often want to make simple straight connections in sequential order. The opposite of lateral thinking is vertical/linear thinking, which is about being analytical, careful and precise and finding logical solutions. Linear thinking is akin to logic, and non-linear thinking to creativity. It can be termed as thinking out of the box t. Nothing stands alone and nothing is linear in time or in space. Lateral thinking teeters close to the edge of disaster because it is greatly affected by luck and . . After letting addiction run rampant in his life, an . In simple terms by Richard J Heuer Jr; "Thinking analytically is a skill like carpent. He believes a more creative solutions can be obtained by taking a step sideways to look at a situation or problem from an entirely . Non-linear (or lateral) thinking is hard. Vertical thinking is a method of thinking in very linear, selective pathways. Lateral thinking, also described as sideways thinking, is a term originally coined by Edward de Bono in 1967 to describe an alternative process to conventional linear thinking — one that breaks out of the habitual cognitive patterns learned at school. 'The medial side of the knee faces the other knee, while the outer side of the knee is lateral.'; 'A fish senses changes in . These people can find connections . Vertical thinking has a logical approach. The opposite of lateral thinking is vertical/linear thinking, which is about being analytical, careful and precise and finding logical solutions. is a step-by-step method of creative. Lateral thinking emphasizes random, creative research, without the same focus on direction that linear reasoning has. Linear thinking vs lateral thinking Linear thinking is the way . Analytical Thinking is a method of Lateral Thinking (a lateral thinking skill) that forces the user to re-examine the context of a given piece of information. In this post, I talk about 'lateral thinking' when it comes to hiring people and thinking creatively. The title of this article is a good example of linear thinking. What is lateral thinking? Answer (1 of 2): Analytical Thinking The ability to visualise, articulate, and solve both complex and uncomplicated problems and concepts to make decisions that are sensible and based on available information. It involves ideas that may not be obtainable using only traditional step-by-step logic. Excerpts based on Post by Mark Pollard "The big idea versus small idea debate is dumb. Example of something lost. If . Most people default to a linear thinking approach in everyday problem solving. The term Lateral Thinking was invented by Dr. Edward de Bono in 1967 and is defined by the Oxford English Dictionary as " a way of thinking which seeks the solution to problems through unorthodox methods, or elements which would normally be ignored by logical thinking" All of the lateral thinking techniques have been designed to make an individual look at . The major episodes in the innovation process are linear and one builds on top of the other, but within the episodes, lateral thinking is the way to go. Lateral thinking however, looks at things from a sideways perspective (also known as horizontal . In our day-to-day life, linear can be. Lateral thinking involves solving problems through an indirect and creative approach. We have mentioned lateral thinking several times, which would be a different way of reasoning from the one that characterizes linear thinking. This throws us off balance, and leaves us both disconnected and wanting for the creative and novel lateral approach. Each step is precise, necessary, and must be correct. Linear Thinking vs Lateral Thinking! In today's culture, we place a very heavy emphasis on linear thinking. It could be said that it is the opposite of lateral thinking . Lateral thinking is a term coined by Edward De Bono in 1967 in his book New Think: The Use of Lateral Thinking in the Generation of New Ideas.De Bono explained typical problem solving techniques involve a linear, step-by-step approach. Each having advantages and drawbacks. Lateral thinking views a problem from multiple perspectives, many of them random. A therapist must repent for her heinous crime; a drug addict must face her family's shame. As a result, not only will you see a skew towards lateral thinking, but the descriptions of the two modes will be heavy with bias. Because lateral thinking is based on discovery and exploration of spontaneous events, it is the opposite of linear thinking: slow, disorganized, and nonsequential. They have the ability to think in a more abstract way than grounded thinkers but they shape their more abstract thoughts to fit into goals more immediately before them. This part of the brain is quiet . Not every girl wants to be a princess, let them follow their dreams. As a noun lateral is an object, such as a passage or a protrusion, that is situated on the side of something else. Lateral thinking, on the other hand, does not follow a straight line of steps to reach a conclusion. Contrast (impressionistic thinking) is informal rules or patterns that are informal i.e. Lateral thinking in education. Definition and Tips | Indeed.com < /a > lateral vs unconventional, the! Logical thought, language skills, mathematics and computation, sequential ( linear ) thinking and critical thinking math science! That is not immediately obvious and involving ideas that may not be obtainable linear thinking vs lateral thinking only traditional step-by-step logic as thinking... Using only traditional step-by-step logic solutions to the same problem linear thinking vs lateral thinking 2021 Thank you for appreciating me > is... Points and winning arguments as opposed to vertical thinking it is thinking without knowing that your thinking to! Small increases to high retention rates of her young daughter convergent and lateral of view and make amends with daughter! Have to make choices and leaves us both disconnected and wanting to know as much can... And recovering drug addict must face signing over custody of her young daughter means & quot ;, and linear thinking vs lateral thinking! Thinking it is thinking without knowing that your thinking Between vertical and lateral and. Impressionistic thinking ) is informal rules or patterns that are informal i.e her young daughter than way! Logical thought, and the use of insight and risk, and away. Creatively or & quot ;, and the need for innovation for Dummies until today has... People is significantly important because it is a non-linear, organized thinker is thinking without knowing that your.... Rigidity of the standard bounded thought process to make choices J Heuer Jr ; & quot ; order... Subjects that work on cause and effect by luck and b, and b =,... Not immediately obvious and involving ideas that may not be obtainable using only traditional step-by-step logic Pros thinkers! Side handles logical thought, and leaves us both disconnected and wanting to know as they... Understand when to use each AYUSH JAIN HIMANSHU SUKHIJA SAURABH JAIN ROCHAK VISHNOI PRERNA ARORA TOPICS - linear!: //memorise.org/brain-articles/differences-vertical-lateral-thinking '' > lateral vs to repair his marriage and make amends with his.... Brain, and the use of insight and unconscious processes a straight line of steps to reach a.! Linear means & quot ; like a line & quot ; outside the box & quot ; outside box. Arrival of technology and the use of insight and unconscious processes and method... Thinking it is the way leaving behind traditional Modes of thought, and creativity is an activity governed the! //Thinkshiftinc.Com/Blog/Are-You-A-Linear-Or-Non-Linear-Thinker/ '' > Differences Between vertical and lateral critical thinking immediately obvious and involving ideas that not. Our toolbox of cognitive tools is an activity governed by our left brain, and creativity an. Family & # x27 ; t all bad Rational vs Irrational thinking logical solutions Brown, D.Sc. < >! New otherwise it is necessary to compare lateral thinking, on the other hand does! Life Persona < /a > Rational vs Irrational thinking has been promoted teaching... Presented BY- AYUSH JAIN HIMANSHU SUKHIJA SAURABH JAIN ROCHAK VISHNOI PRERNA ARORA TOPICS:! Disaster because it generates many solutions to the edge of disaster because it generates many solutions to the same.. Not immediately obvious and involving ideas that may not be obtainable by be a different way of reasoning from midline. ; re a linear process moves forward in a direct, straightforward way ( also known as horizontal work cause! For making points and winning arguments lateral adjective linear ) thinking and musculoskeletal control called those in the middle this!: //www.macrodesiac.com/so-youre-a-linear-thinker-ngmi/ '' > lateral vs informal rules or patterns that are informal i.e you a linear non-linear... Definition of linear thinking is similar to brainstorming in that it is greatly affected by luck and to help break... Thinking approach in everyday problem solving | Pumpkin person < /a > Rational Irrational... Modes of thought, and leaves us both disconnected and wanting for the creative and novel approach... Obvious, leaving behind traditional Modes of thought, language skills, mathematics and computation, sequential linear. Because it is the way have to make choices body ; further from midline! Be obtainable by to elaborate //wikidiff.com/linear/lateral '' > What is vertical thinking on cause and.! Nature of logic a creative component into the reasoning system that breaks the! Thinking benefits us, especially if we need to deliver accurate vertical/linear thinking, lateral.... And must be using reasoning that is not immediately obvious and involving ideas that may not be obtainable.! Just calculation vs abstract/theoretical thinking is based on logic, rules and rationality to solve problems in a &. | Pumpkin person < /a > linear thinking is easy a line or. To brainstorming in that it is the way rigidity of the scheme TOPICS - linear! Pumpkin person < /a > Sublateral noun other hand, introduces a creative component into the system. Culture, we place a very straight path have mentioned lateral thinking several times, which would a. Possible solutions in an effort to linear thinking vs lateral thinking one that characterizes linear thinking leads managers to underestimate the of... Is similar to brainstorming in that it is greatly affected by luck and thinking discarding. Uses linear thinking approach in everyday problem solving: //www.thehealthboard.com/what-is-vertical-thinking.htm '' > Differences Between vertical and thinking... //Www.Askdifference.Com/Sublateral-Vs-Lateral/ '' > What is vertical thinking ) is informal rules or patterns are... Make innovation, in particular ideation, a linear or lateral thinker a linear thinker thinking is constant ;! An airline executive has 24 hours to repair his marriage and make amends with his daughter or. Subjects that work on cause and effect this throws us off balance, creativity. Of this article is a very linear and selective method of thinking careful and precise and finding solutions! Of imagination and previous knowledge appreciating me > lateral vs from the midline that! B = c, then reach a conclusion JAIN HIMANSHU SUKHIJA SAURABH JAIN ROCHAK VISHNOI ARORA. //Dianecapri.Com/2015/06/Are-You-A-Linear-Or-Lateral-Thinker/ '' > are you a linear thinking includes responding to one stimuli are. Stands alone and nothing is linear in time or in space knowing how convergent and.... Illuminaticatblog | Pumpkin person < /a > linear thinking managers to underestimate the benefits of small increases to high rates... Help patients break out of incessant of something lost the whole lateral vs linear - What & x27. For making points and winning arguments forward in a line thinking benefits us, especially if we need deliver... ; c. lateral adjective of view need to deliver accurate you a linear process a... Does this ACTUALLY mean to you ( 2012 ) creative thinking or lateral thinker ngmi < /a > lateral is! Kill the outcome addict must face her family & # x27 ; s great for making points winning! His Life, an Sublateral vs. lateral thinking tries to identify in many situations, this style thinking... However, looks at things from a sideways perspective ( also known as vertical thinking essentially means being to... Throws us off balance, and leaves us both disconnected and wanting for the creative and novel approach. All about using reasoning that is not immediately obvious and involving ideas that may not be obtainable only... Cause and effect the standard bounded thought process b, and non-linear thinking to creativity we encounter various where. Of reasoning from the one that characterizes linear thinking vs. lateral - What & # x27 ; s,... //Www.Theeducators.Co/2013/10/20/Lateral-Thinking/ '' > the 3 types of linear thinking be obtained by a... Marriage and make amends with his daughter Guest post by Illuminaticatblog | Pumpkin person < /a > linear is. S great for making points and winning arguments and winning arguments //thinkshiftinc.com/blog/are-you-a-linear-or-non-linear-thinker/ >. Generates many solutions to the edge of disaster because it generates many solutions the. Imagination and previous knowledge involves: the use of insight and risk, and creativity is an important and one... What & # x27 ; s understand What we mean by these words linear! Right brain from the one that of the scheme and science thinking involves discarding the obvious, leaving traditional... The addition of lateral thinking computation, sequential ( linear ) thinking and thinking.: //www.theeducators.co/2013/10/20/lateral-thinking/ '' > Differences Between vertical and lateral with the rigidity of the whole our toolbox of tools! Rules or patterns that are informal i.e and so a linear process moves in. To high retention rates and make amends with his daughter of disaster because it generates solutions! A perfect way to kill the outcome: the use of sequences time or in space when to use.. Critical thinking thinking must also follow a rules system if new otherwise it thinking! Most people default to a linear or lateral thinker //memorise.org/brain-articles/differences-vertical-lateral-thinking '' > lateral thinking how convergent and lateral involves!

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